Gold from Africa: The Continent That Shaped the World’s Gold Supply

Africa is one of the richest gold regions on Earth. For thousands of years, gold from Africa has influenced trade, powered empires, attracted explorers, and shaped global economies.

From the ancient kingdoms of West Africa to modern industrial mines in South Africa and Ghana, African gold has played a central role in world history.

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This article explores where gold from Africa comes from, which countries produce the most, and why the continent is so important to the global gold industry.

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A Brief History of Gold from Africa

Gold mining in Africa is not new.

• As early as 3000 BCE, ancient Egyptians mined gold in Nubia (modern Sudan).

• West African empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai became wealthy from gold trade.

• The famous ruler Mansa Musa of Mali controlled vast gold resources in the 14th century.

• European explorers were drawn to West Africa because of its gold, calling parts of it the “Gold Coast” (now Ghana).

For centuries, much of the world’s gold came from Africa before the Americas were even discovered.

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Why Africa Has So Much Gold

Africa sits on some of the oldest rock formations on Earth, called cratons. These ancient geological formations are rich in gold deposits formed billions of years ago.

Major African gold belts include:

• The Witwatersrand Basin (South Africa)

• The West African Birimian Greenstone Belt

• The Nubian Shield (Sudan and Egypt)

• The Tanzanian Craton

These regions contain some of the largest and richest gold deposits ever found.

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Top Gold Producing Countries in Africa

1. Ghana – Africa’s Largest Gold Producer

• Known historically as the Gold Coast

• Currently the top gold producer in Africa

• Major mines: Obuasi, Tarkwa, Ahafo

• Gold is Ghana’s largest export

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